prolog学习记录，长贴

prolog(大坑(三基友(1))).

​ 某日遇到一个逻辑测试题，大意如下:三个人来自辽宁，湖南，重庆，其中李浩与重庆人不同岁，张翔比辽宁人小，重庆人比王明大。求三个人分别来自哪里，及年龄排序。
人肉解法很简单，重庆人既不是李浩也不是王明，所以重庆人是张翔；
王明小于（张翔，重庆），（张翔，重庆）小于辽宁人，所以王明是湖南人，且年龄最小；
最后推出李浩是辽宁人，年龄最大。

据说prolog可以轻松解出这种条件约束的问题，包括比这个更复杂的谁养斑马的问题，于是赶紧下书来读，下面是惨不忍睹的坎坷道路。
bigger(大，小).这个谓词不会编，所以只能先列出全排列，然后再从中做出筛选。
全排列代码如下：
name(lihao).
name(wangming).
name(zhangxiang).
from(liaoning).
from(hunan).
from(chongqing).
pailie(List):-
List=(p(N1,F1),p(N2,F2),p(N3,F3)),
name(N1),name(N2),name(N3),
not(N1=N2;N2=N3;N1=N3),
from(F1),from(F2),from(F3),
not(F1=F2;F2=F3;F1=F3),
write(List),nl,fail.
**************************************
运行？-pailie(List). 结果如下：
p(lihao,liaoning),p(wangming,hunan),p(zhangxiang,chongqing)
p(lihao,liaoning),p(wangming,chongqing),p(zhangxiang,hunan)
p(lihao,hunan),p(wangming,liaoning),p(zhangxiang,chongqing)
p(lihao,hunan),p(wangming,chongqing),p(zhangxiang,liaoning)
p(lihao,chongqing),p(wangming,liaoning),p(zhangxiang,hunan)
p(lihao,chongqing),p(wangming,hunan),p(zhangxiang,liaoning)
p(lihao,liaoning),p(zhangxiang,hunan),p(wangming,chongqing)
p(lihao,liaoning),p(zhangxiang,chongqing),p(wangming,hunan)
p(lihao,hunan),p(zhangxiang,liaoning),p(wangming,chongqing)
p(lihao,hunan),p(zhangxiang,chongqing),p(wangming,liaoning)
p(lihao,chongqing),p(zhangxiang,liaoning),p(wangming,hunan)
p(lihao,chongqing),p(zhangxiang,hunan),p(wangming,liaoning)
p(wangming,liaoning),p(lihao,hunan),p(zhangxiang,chongqing)
p(wangming,liaoning),p(lihao,chongqing),p(zhangxiang,hunan)
p(wangming,hunan),p(lihao,liaoning),p(zhangxiang,chongqing)
p(wangming,hunan),p(lihao,chongqing),p(zhangxiang,liaoning)
p(wangming,chongqing),p(lihao,liaoning),p(zhangxiang,hunan)
p(wangming,chongqing),p(lihao,hunan),p(zhangxiang,liaoning)
p(wangming,liaoning),p(zhangxiang,hunan),p(lihao,chongqing)
p(wangming,liaoning),p(zhangxiang,chongqing),p(lihao,hunan)
p(wangming,hunan),p(zhangxiang,liaoning),p(lihao,chongqing)
p(wangming,hunan),p(zhangxiang,chongqing),p(lihao,liaoning)
p(wangming,chongqing),p(zhangxiang,liaoning),p(lihao,hunan)
p(wangming,chongqing),p(zhangxiang,hunan),p(lihao,liaoning)
p(zhangxiang,liaoning),p(lihao,hunan),p(wangming,chongqing)
p(zhangxiang,liaoning),p(lihao,chongqing),p(wangming,hunan)
p(zhangxiang,hunan),p(lihao,liaoning),p(wangming,chongqing)
p(zhangxiang,hunan),p(lihao,chongqing),p(wangming,liaoning)
p(zhangxiang,chongqing),p(lihao,liaoning),p(wangming,hunan)
p(zhangxiang,chongqing),p(lihao,hunan),p(wangming,liaoning)
p(zhangxiang,liaoning),p(wangming,hunan),p(lihao,chongqing)
p(zhangxiang,liaoning),p(wangming,chongqing),p(lihao,hunan)
p(zhangxiang,hunan),p(wangming,liaoning),p(lihao,chongqing)
p(zhangxiang,hunan),p(wangming,chongqing),p(lihao,liaoning)
p(zhangxiang,chongqing),p(wangming,liaoning),p(lihao,hunan)
p(zhangxiang,chongqing),p(wangming,hunan),p(lihao,liaoning)
false.

在想出bigger/2这个谓词前，还有一个小插曲（挫折）：其他语言中可以用来计数的n=n+1,在prolog中怎样做才能得到下面这种效果呢

1 p(lihao,liaoning),p(wangming,hunan),p(zhangxiang,chongqing)
2 p(lihao,liaoning),p(wangming,chongqing),p(zhangxiang,hunan)
3 p(lihao,hunan),p(wangming,liaoning),p(zhangxiang,chongqing)
4 p(lihao,hunan),p(wangming,chongqing),p(zhangxiang,liaoning)
5 p(lihao,chongqing),p(wangming,liaoning),p(zhangxiang,hunan)
6 p(lihao,chongqing),p(wangming,hunan),p(zhangxiang,liaoning)
7 p(lihao,liaoning),p(zhangxiang,hunan),p(wangming,chongqing)
8 p(lihao,liaoning),p(zhangxiang,chongqing),p(wangming,hunan)
9 p(lihao,hunan),p(zhangxiang,liaoning),p(wangming,chongqing)
10 p(lihao,hunan),p(zhangxiang,chongqing),p(wangming,liaoning)
11 p(lihao,chongqing),p(zhangxiang,liaoning),p(wangming,hunan)
12 p(lihao,chongqing),p(zhangxiang,hunan),p(wangming,liaoning)
13 p(wangming,liaoning),p(lihao,hunan),p(zhangxiang,chongqing)
14 p(wangming,liaoning),p(lihao,chongqing),p(zhangxiang,hunan)
15 p(wangming,hunan),p(lihao,liaoning),p(zhangxiang,chongqing)
16 p(wangming,hunan),p(lihao,chongqing),p(zhangxiang,liaoning)
17 p(wangming,chongqing),p(lihao,liaoning),p(zhangxiang,hunan)
18 p(wangming,chongqing),p(lihao,hunan),p(zhangxiang,liaoning)
19 p(wangming,liaoning),p(zhangxiang,hunan),p(lihao,chongqing)
20 p(wangming,liaoning),p(zhangxiang,chongqing),p(lihao,hunan)
21 p(wangming,hunan),p(zhangxiang,liaoning),p(lihao,chongqing)
22 p(wangming,hunan),p(zhangxiang,chongqing),p(lihao,liaoning)
23 p(wangming,chongqing),p(zhangxiang,liaoning),p(lihao,hunan)
24 p(wangming,chongqing),p(zhangxiang,hunan),p(lihao,liaoning)
25 p(zhangxiang,liaoning),p(lihao,hunan),p(wangming,chongqing)
26 p(zhangxiang,liaoning),p(lihao,chongqing),p(wangming,hunan)
27 p(zhangxiang,hunan),p(lihao,liaoning),p(wangming,chongqing)
28 p(zhangxiang,hunan),p(lihao,chongqing),p(wangming,liaoning)
29 p(zhangxiang,chongqing),p(lihao,liaoning),p(wangming,hunan)
30 p(zhangxiang,chongqing),p(lihao,hunan),p(wangming,liaoning)
31 p(zhangxiang,liaoning),p(wangming,hunan),p(lihao,chongqing)
32 p(zhangxiang,liaoning),p(wangming,chongqing),p(lihao,hunan)
33 p(zhangxiang,hunan),p(wangming,liaoning),p(lihao,chongqing)
34 p(zhangxiang,hunan),p(wangming,chongqing),p(lihao,liaoning)
35 p(zhangxiang,chongqing),p(wangming,liaoning),p(lihao,hunan)
36 p(zhangxiang,chongqing),p(wangming,hunan),p(lihao,liaoning)

fuyunv 写道:在想出bigger/2这个谓词前，还有一个小插曲（挫折）：其他语言中可以用来计数的n=n+1,在prolog中怎样做才能得到下面这种效果呢

1 p(lihao,liaoning),p(wangming,hunan),p(zhangxiang,chongqing)
2 p(lihao,liaoning),p(wangming,chongqing),p(zhangxiang,hunan)
3 p(lihao,hunan),p(wangming,liaoning),p(zhangxiang,chongqing)
4 p(lihao,hunan),p(wangming,chongqing),p(zhangxiang,liaoning)
5 p(lihao,chongqing),p(wangming,liaoning),p(zhangxiang,hunan)
6 p(lihao,chongqing),p(wangming,hunan),p(zhangxiang,liaoning)
7 p(lihao,liaoning),p(zhangxiang,hunan),p(wangming,chongqing)
8 p(lihao,liaoning),p(zhangxiang,chongqing),p(wangming,hunan)
9 p(lihao,hunan),p(zhangxiang,liaoning),p(wangming,chongqing)
10 p(lihao,hunan),p(zhangxiang,chongqing),p(wangming,liaoning)
11 p(lihao,chongqing),p(zhangxiang,liaoning),p(wangming,hunan)
12 p(lihao,chongqing),p(zhangxiang,hunan),p(wangming,liaoning)
13 p(wangming,liaoning),p(lihao,hunan),p(zhangxiang,chongqing)
14 p(wangming,liaoning),p(lihao,chongqing),p(zhangxiang,hunan)
15 p(wangming,hunan),p(lihao,liaoning),p(zhangxiang,chongqing)
16 p(wangming,hunan),p(lihao,chongqing),p(zhangxiang,liaoning)
17 p(wangming,chongqing),p(lihao,liaoning),p(zhangxiang,hunan)
18 p(wangming,chongqing),p(lihao,hunan),p(zhangxiang,liaoning)
19 p(wangming,liaoning),p(zhangxiang,hunan),p(lihao,chongqing)
20 p(wangming,liaoning),p(zhangxiang,chongqing),p(lihao,hunan)
21 p(wangming,hunan),p(zhangxiang,liaoning),p(lihao,chongqing)
22 p(wangming,hunan),p(zhangxiang,chongqing),p(lihao,liaoning)
23 p(wangming,chongqing),p(zhangxiang,liaoning),p(lihao,hunan)
24 p(wangming,chongqing),p(zhangxiang,hunan),p(lihao,liaoning)
25 p(zhangxiang,liaoning),p(lihao,hunan),p(wangming,chongqing)
26 p(zhangxiang,liaoning),p(lihao,chongqing),p(wangming,hunan)
27 p(zhangxiang,hunan),p(lihao,liaoning),p(wangming,chongqing)
28 p(zhangxiang,hunan),p(lihao,chongqing),p(wangming,liaoning)
29 p(zhangxiang,chongqing),p(lihao,liaoning),p(wangming,hunan)
30 p(zhangxiang,chongqing),p(lihao,hunan),p(wangming,liaoning)
31 p(zhangxiang,liaoning),p(wangming,hunan),p(lihao,chongqing)
32 p(zhangxiang,liaoning),p(wangming,chongqing),p(lihao,hunan)
33 p(zhangxiang,hunan),p(wangming,liaoning),p(lihao,chongqing)
34 p(zhangxiang,hunan),p(wangming,chongqing),p(lihao,liaoning)
35 p(zhangxiang,chongqing),p(wangming,liaoning),p(lihao,hunan)
36 p(zhangxiang,chongqing),p(wangming,hunan),p(lihao,liaoning)

有两种方法，
如果36行一次连续印出建议用第一种，如果印出时间点不定，建议用第二种。

第一种：

编写write_many(Count)谓词如下：

代码:

write_many(Count) :- Count =< 36, write(Count), write(' '), .........., Next_Count is Count + 1, write_many(Next_Count).
write_many(_).

"......."的部分是你每次要印的东西。
这个方法的重点是在最后自己调用自己（write_many），然后传进去的参数加记得先加1，
并且在一开始先判断是否小于等于36，大于36则中止，但又不希望大于36之后回传false，
所以下面再加上write_many(_).强制为true。
这样一来，首次调用时写write_many(1)，然后它就会自己把数字印到36。


第二种方法用到动态谓词：

先assert(last_count(1))，然后每次write前可以先用last_count(X)来读出现在印到的编号是多少再write出来就行，
write完后要记得先retract(last_count(1))，然后Next_X is X + 1, assert(last_count(Next_X))，
这样子事实才会改成last_count(2).

有两种方法，
如果36行一次连续印出建议用第一种，如果印出时间点不定，建议用第二种。

第一种：

编写write_many(Count)谓词如下：

代码:

write_many(Count) :- Count =< 36, write(Count), write(' '), .........., Next_Count is Count + 1, write_many(Next_Count).
write_many(_).

"......."的部分是你每次要印的东西。
这个方法的重点是在最后自己调用自己（write_many），然后传进去的参数加记得先加1，
并且在一开始先判断是否小于等于36，大于36则中止，但又不希望大于36之后回传false，
所以下面再加上write_many(_).强制为true。
这样一来，首次调用时写write_many(1)，然后它就会自己把数字印到36。


第二种方法用到动态谓词：

先assert(last_count(1))，然后每次write前可以先用last_count(X)来读出现在印到的编号是多少再write出来就行，
write完后要记得先retract(last_count(1))，然后Next_X is X + 1, assert(last_count(Next_X))，
这样子事实才会改成last_count(2).

多谢liao师，在我没头绪试到各种抓狂的时候，你终于出现了